The granite countertops¡¯ disease and the necessary for protection


Decorative Stone existing problems
    From time immemorial, has become a solid stone in the construction of various major construction materials, such as the ancient Roman Colosseum, the Pyramids, and Beijing's Lugou Bridge. During the construction of the Royal are to adopt a stone.
    Modern architecture decoration works in a large number of stone have been used. Stone used in the construction of a number of varieties and the use of a direct impact on the construction of decorative grade, high-grade building owners or decorative architect in determining grade, will be on the variety of stone, flower color contrast to repeated screening, to achieve the best decorative effect. However, the use of stone because of a variety of illnesses and damage the actual decorative effects, as long as we pay attention to these phenomena observed is a lot to discover, such as rejuvenation door Bank of China facades, the CPPCC National Committee, the Ministry of Communications Greeting Floor, a Beijing subway station I facades, City Rail  Xizhimen, Dongzhimen and - and so on.
    Here, we must particularly mention decorative stone ground Beijing Hotel, Beijing hotel in 2000 carried out a large-scale renovation project decoration, 2001 should be the owners request, ground disease management. Among the scene in an elevator, we observed two stone in the edge of each 5 cm black side, when workers used cleaning agents to clean these black, black can be found clean, but found that the black The above is Matt Stone, we spot the trial excluded cleansing Stone luster of the possibility of sabotage. Under the magnifying glass observation, Matt Stone part of the surface of many tiny holes, some dust into these holes will be deepened so that the color of black stone. Then how these small holes formed? After we learned that these stone for the construction of the former Stone protection. So in construction, cement salinization extended four-sided stone was incorporated into the stone surface and eroded the edge of the stone. Gloss makes the eradication of stone, according to the hotel Works, in the hotel about 6000 M2 ground stone, there are such cases. This disease completely resolved, and can only be dealt with the renovation, Beijing Hotel Works in 2001 to carry out renovation polished ground  handling.
    For these stone disease, we feel very shocking, and this treatment can not be level. It destroyed the building the appearance of the decorative effects, but also undermined Beijing's image as an international metropolis, Beijing and the rapid development is not in harmony with the 2008 Olympic Games falls far short of the requirements.
Decorative Stone of the causes of disease
Stone disease is the cause of diversity, which includes Stone its own reasons, the transport of stone processing in the process, Stone and Stone in the course of construction process will have to use all kinds of diseases. In fact, careful observation will be found in all the process of stone disease has its own characteristics.
    1. Stone processing such as transportation, during this period of stone processing machines from the disease is to protect and transport caused by improper.
    We know that there is a stone processing technology called sandblasting, and its iron ore processing is used in compressed air spray, spurred by stone surface, creating a decorative hair surface effect of such processed stone due to its surface residue had been smashed the iron particles in the post-processing of the surface over a period of time in the rain under the action will be back to the yellow, and back to the rust, we have recently in Beijing Normal University, the new main building of the external walls of honeycomb composite stone disease control projects, this situation is encountered:
Beijing Normal University, used steel-framed roof of the main building of new transmission roof, not because of the excessive load-bearing load, used aluminum honeycomb composite stone plate more than 2,000M2, and also because the surface of only 3-5mm thick stone, not with burning process, therefore, can only be used in sandblasting stone surface Process. The stone shipped from the factory to the construction site discovered large area back to the rust, manufacturers used for descaling agent stone processing, the elimination of yellow rust. We also suggested: derusting should be carried out after Stone protection, but our proposals were not adopted, in the removal of scaffolding to complete acceptance of a period of time, the large area has emerged Stone returned to rust. As the stone used in a ground over 30 meters of construction on top of the translucent roof, can not cling point, descaling, protection of the most difficult danger, and makes the greatly increased construction costs and construction time.
    2. Stone disease and Construction Technology, Stone varieties have direct relations. But in the final analysis stone disease is the culprit in the water and cement salt, alkali substances. Wet deposition Stone loaded the cementitious material is cement. Part of cement containing Ca +, Na +. These ions material in cement and easy process and the water formed CaOH £  2, NaOH, also contains a lot of salt in cement. These substances are soluble in water, and with water to enter the stone. Stone installed in the wet deposition on the surface, in a fairly long period of time color will deepen. If the day-to-day care negative, we see the kind of water grouper.
    These alkali salt material is how to form water grouper: We conducted the following test: take six granite stone at 2 groups, each three comparisons tests; A group using pure water immersion 24 hours after removal, and around the back with plastic tape closed. Another group, in 10% of the material and a small amount of saline-alkali cement mixed in a solution of water soaked 24 hours after removal, and around the back of the same plastic tape closed; Specimens will be baking in the heat lamps, three days later at the same time reduce the watermark, a week later pure water soaking the specimen surface has been restored to the color when dry ; soak the mixture with salt and stone surface of still more obvious watermark, two weeks later the stone surface of the mixture soak basically returned to the color when dried. More than repeat the same test specimen found on the stone mixture soak in a drying time of the extension. But when we will be back in the Test middle and around plastic tape removed, the stone will be made within a few days drying, the original surface water grouper go away.
These phenomena and test results tell us such a process: Stone wet cement in the construction of salinity and cement in less than curing materials, together with the water into the stone, and a natural extension of Stone Stone Gap reach the surface, water will be evaporated with the air swap, some CaOH 2, NaOH , CaCo3, Na2Co3 was to stay in the Stone. The porosity of the stone will be a lot of salt residue substances, these substances will slowly plugging the pore Stone, Stone internal Stone pore water through evaporation can not swap, coupled with the day-to-day maintenance methods, then there will be water plaque formation. When we adhesion to the back of the stone removed, the stone will be internal moisture evaporation from  the back swap, which will result in the disappearance of stone water grouper.
    The saline-alkali cement material into the stone, the stone will stimulate iron oxide formed Fe203, this is what we usually see Stone back to the yellow.
    3. Stone used in the day-to-day issues arising from the often see. Now many high-rise buildings are decorated on the external walls of dry hanging by a stone curtain wall, one of the advantages of dry hanging Stone is pegged to overcome the wet stone, back to the base, back to the rust, Bai Hua, and other shortcomings. Therefore, many construction units that it is not necessary to stone protection. I have here some data can be found some of the problems:
People in Beijing Lugouqiao stone lions in the course of research found in the last 50 years, the surface of weathered stone lions much ahead 7-8 centuries weathering degree. Now the bridge's weathered some very serious lions, some already see the outline of a lion.
    Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau in 2002 issued by the Atmospheric Environment mentioned in the report 2002 2 below weather Total 162 days, caused by sulfur dioxide and suspended particulate matter pollution accounted for 95%.
Clearly, the modern industrial production of dust particles and sulfur dioxide pollution is still very serious. The existence of such pollution, the danger of dry hanging Stone is a long-term, it will speed up the stone surface weathering, stone color, texture changed, the more attention should be paid.
Stone disease prevention
    Stone disease can be prevented, Stone protective agent can be reached by brushing stone disease prevention purposes. Stone protective agent can effectively avoid or reduce the formation of stone disease, the prevention of water grouper, Bai Hua, from the base, such as stone from the rust disease. How to choose and use the correct protective agent Stone Stone is the key to protection.
    We advocate such a principle: scientific, reasonable choice protective agent, as well as the correct use of protective agent is indispensable, and one can of.
    How can this principle, first of all, they should understand the classification of protective agent. We work with the specific requirements, we have protective agent is divided into: 1, waterproof type; 2, and pollution prevention; 3, anti-oil type; 4, the back; 5, the other type.
    The protective agent Stone Stone selection should be based on the use of specific characteristics and sources of pollution to choose. For example: Dry-hanging stone from buildings, the use of stone in the ground a few meters away from where the last 100 meters, man-made pollution is generally less likely pollution is natural dust, rainwater. Once a particular rainwater Stone Stone will have to water grouper, rust spots, for a long time it will affect the appearance of the building. This combination of characteristics in the choice of protective agent, we should use waterproof-protective agent, waterproof-type protective agent is the characteristics and excellent waterproof effect of lower prices. While in the pool, bathroom countertops, where surface water can be more choices such protective agent, such protective agent in the construction of wet if there is no general ban on the use of special note in the back of Stone.

    Again the lobby of the building and staff and people can move about frequently come into contact with the stone, its main sources of pollution are coffee, tea, cola, and various fruit juices, will also ink in the construction and other pollutants combine the characteristics of pollution sources, we propose that the protective agent should use pollution-preventing protective agent , and its price is higher than some waterproof type, but in the overall protective agent in the prices it is modest.
Oil is a protective agent against anti-oil properties very good protective agent, it can be used in kitchen countertops, restaurants and other oil-ground more local stone, the price is higher than the price of the two protective agent.
The back-protective agent, as in the construction of construction after the formation of opaque film, Stone texture, color affected, mainly applied to the back and around Stone. Wet construction, it will not reduce the stone and cement mortar paste strength. At the same time, it can be closed empty dark stone cracked surface, water and alkali in the cement, salt can not be penetrated internal Stone, Stone Construction prevent water after the grouper, pan-alkali, the Pan rust, it is Stone wet paste indispensable protective agent.
    The use of protective agent is a very important aspect, it should be taken seriously, on the one hand the protective agent used Stone is not a monolithic whole. Affected by the construction, stone varieties, the impact of moisture Stone Therefore, the construction of the protective agent, the use of protective agent should be strictly in accordance with the requirements of Statement the other construction personnel should also be careful that no one seriously uneven brush or brushing only from the various aspects of scrupulous can to maximize the role of protective agent.
Stone Disease Control
    In order to restore the original decorative stone effect, people in the formation mechanism of stone disease at the same time, development, research and manufacture of a variety of stone disease management products, the imports of these products are also domestically produced. Germany Akemi main product line, the United States JSC series, especially some of the professional domestic enterprises to get involved in this area to join, they are Zhejiang University, the State Bureau of Suzhou building materials Non-metallic Minerals Industry Design and Research Institute, Zhejiang Lippo chemical industry, in these enterprises leader in the tutor of doctoral students , and a Ph.D. candidate in the field and many years of scientific research personnel, some ministerial series products have been identified, such as: National Building Materials Bureau Suzhou Industrial Design and Research Institute of Non-metallic mineral production FQS family of products in 2000, adopted a national building materials for the ministerial-level appraisal. Therefore, the application of science these products can enable 90% of the stone disease receive treatment, such as stone circles has been that Stone "cancer" in the water grouper, has recently received a very good treatment effect. Through governance, can be mixed to the original color depth Stone in a very short time restore its true colors.
    Stone Disease Control agent Stone has been able to effectively control the disease, primarily using its chemical reactions and physical role. Different species of stone, the stone disease should not choose a different stone disease management agent, stone disease by a variety of different reasons or the causes. So the dosage of treatment, use of pharmaceutical concentration, the use of stone disease is the order of governance have a direct impact on results. Pay no attention to sometimes have a negative impact on so that the decorative stone completely lost its effect.
    Therefore, the master of the causes for the disease Stone, Stone understanding of the treatment of disease management principles, it becomes all the more important by. Only by fully understanding the analysis of observation can be the right remedy, but must carry out the necessary demo test, and fully demonstrated to accumulate experience.
Stone disease justified different treatment depending on the cost of the stone disease vary, the majority of cases must not exceed the cost of governance Stone prices, the prices of different disease control should be 30-80 between.
In short, the treatment of stone disease management should have a scientific attitude, multifaceted knowledge (Stone simple chemical knowledge and knowledge) and certain construction methods and construction tools, construction machinery, it is a very meticulous work.
    Strengthening leadership and care management
North China office building standards in its 2001 publication of the 88 J1-1 construction practices, Stone Construction in the wet packing before hexahedron brushing Stone protective agent. In September 2001 the Beijing Municipal Association of Decorative emerging groups in Beijing held a "common Stone Water-logging seminar" at Juhi Bin president made important instructions, he noted that "to the stone handicrafts to them according." This protection of the stone industry has set higher requirements. In November 2004 by the State Building Materials Industry Bureau Stone Quality Inspection Center drafting of a "natural stone architectural decorative protective agent" (the protective agent detection standards), the review by the experts, is being submitted to the State Development and Reform Commission approved implementation.
    Although the various standards and specifications are being developed, but from the creation of a large number of stone disease is not effectively protection and governance in the actual situation and the indiscriminate use protective agent, disease management requirements of the situation, there is a great distance. Construction companies, as some decorative units in North China building standards implementation of the requirements of the firm and detailed enough, resulting in Stone hollowing, water grouper, to the rust, back to the base, they cause unnecessary losses. Therefore, the strengthening of management and the authorities concerned parties to popularize the knowledge of education, it becomes all the more necessary.
    Let us work together to make decorative stone of a new construction quality improvement.